超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器是指相對傳統(tong)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器而言(yan)具有(you)更高容(rong)(rong)量的一種電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。通過極化(hua)電(dian)解(jie)質來儲(chu)(chu)存能(neng)量。是介于電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器和(he)電(dian)池之間的儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)器件(jian)，既具有(you)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器可(ke)以快速充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)的特點，又具有(you)電(dian)池的儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)特性。超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器有(you)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)壽命(ming)長，可(ke)快速充(chong)電(dian)、電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量大、工作溫度(du)范圍寬(kuan)，可(ke)任(ren)意并(bing)聯增加電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量，免(mian)維護(hu)比(bi)較環(huan)保等優點。

超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器分為雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、法(fa)(fa)拉第贗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器和(he)混(hun)合型超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器。法(fa)(fa)拉第贗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器也叫法(fa)(fa)拉第準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)面活(huo)體相(xiang)中的(de)(de)二維(wei)或(huo)三維(wei)空間上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)活(huo)性物質進(jin)行欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位沉積，發(fa)生(sheng)高度可逆的(de)(de)化(hua)學吸附(fu)或(huo)氧(yang)化(hua)還原反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，產生(sheng)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位有關的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)。超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器方案充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液中的(de)(de)離(li)子在(zai)外加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)作用(yong)下向溶液中擴散到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)/溶液界面，而后通過界面的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)進(jin)入到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)面活(huo)性氧(yang)化(hua)物的(de)(de)體相(xiang)中；若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)材料(liao)是具(ju)有較大比表(biao)面積的(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)物，就(jiu)會(hui)有相(xiang)當(dang)多的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)發(fa)生(sheng)，大量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷就(jiu)被存儲在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)中。

超級電容模組放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)這(zhe)些進(jin)入氮化(hua)物中(zhong)的(de)離子又會重新回到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中(zhong)，同時(shi)所存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷通(tong)過(guo)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路釋放出(chu)來。法拉(la)第贗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器優點是(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極面積(ji)相同的(de)情況下，法拉(la)第贗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)10-100倍，同時(shi)具有(you)較大的(de)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)和(he)能量(liang)密度。混合型超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器一端(duan)采用傳統的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極并通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反應來儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)和(he)轉化(hua)能量(liang)，另一端(duan)則通(tong)過(guo)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層來儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)能量(liang)的(de)一種超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器。