雙電層電容：是在電極/溶液界面經過電子或離子的定向擺放形成電荷的對峙而發作的。對一個電極/溶液體系，會在電子導電的電極和離子導電的電解質溶液界面上形成雙電層。當在兩個電極上施加電場后，溶液中的陰、陽離子分別向正、負電極遷移，在電極外表形成雙電層；吊銷電場后，電極上的正負電荷與溶液中的相反電荷離子相吸引而使雙電層安穩，在正負極間發作相對安穩的電位差。這時對某一電極而言，會在一定間隔內(渙散層)發作與電極上的電荷等量的異性離子電荷，使其堅持電中性；超級電容當將兩極與外電路連通時，電極上的電荷遷移而在外電路中發作電流，溶液中的離子遷移到溶液中呈電中性，這便是雙電層電容超級電容模組的充放電原理。

法拉電容器：其(qi)理論模型是(shi)(shi)由Conway首先提(ti)出，是(shi)(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極外(wai)表和(he)近外(wai)表或體相中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)維或準(zhun)二(er)維空間上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)活性(xing)物(wu)質進(jin)行欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)沉積(ji)，發作高度(du)可逆的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學吸(xi)脫贊同氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)復(fu)原(yuan)反(fan)響，發作與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)有(you)關的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容。對于法拉第準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，其(qi)儲存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)程不只(zhi)包含雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層上的(de)(de)(de)存儲，而(er)且(qie)包含電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)離(li)子(zi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活性(xing)物(wu)質發作的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)復(fu)原(yuan)反(fan)響。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(如H+、OH-、K+或Li+)在外(wai)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia)由溶液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)擴散到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極/溶液(ye)界面(mian)時，會(hui)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)界面(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)復(fu)原(yuan)反(fan)響而(er)進(jin)入(ru)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極外(wai)表活性(xing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)體相中(zhong)(zhong)，從而(er)使得大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷被存儲在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極中(zhong)(zhong)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，這(zhe)些進(jin)入(ru)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)又會(hui)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)以(yi)上氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)復(fu)原(yuan)反(fan)響的(de)(de)(de)逆反(fan)響從頭返回(hui)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，一起(qi)所存儲的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷經(jing)(jing)過(guo)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路而(er)釋放(fang)出來，這(zhe)便是(shi)(shi)法拉第準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機理。

（1）充電速度快，充電10秒～10分(fen)鐘可達(da)到其額定容量的(de)95%以上；

（2）循(xun)環(huan)使用壽命長，深度(du)充放電循(xun)環(huan)使用次(ci)(ci)數(shu)可(ke)達(da)1~50萬次(ci)(ci)，沒(mei)有“記憶效(xiao)應”；

（3）大(da)電(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)能力超強(qiang)，能量(liang)轉換效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao)，過程損失小，大(da)電(dian)流(liu)能量(liang)循環(huan)效(xiao)率(lv)≥90%；

（4）功率密度高(gao)，可達300W/KG~5000W/KG，相(xiang)當(dang)于電(dian)池(chi)的(de)5~10倍；

（5）產品原材料(liao)構成、生產、使用、儲存(cun)以及拆解過程均沒有污染，是理想的綠色環保電(dian)源；

（6）超級電容器生產廠家充放電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)簡單，無需充電(dian)電(dian)池那樣的充電(dian)電(dian)路(lu)，安全系數高，長期使(shi)用免(mian)維護；

（7）超低(di)溫特性(xing)好，溫度范圍寬-40℃～+70℃；

（8）檢測方便，剩(sheng)余電(dian)量可直接讀出；

（9）容量范圍通常0.1F--1000F 。

缺點

如果使用不當會(hui)造成電解(jie)質泄漏等現(xian)象；

和鋁電解電容器相比(bi)，它內阻較大，因(yin)而(er)不可以用于(yu)交流電路；

超級電容模組優點

很小的體積下達到法拉級的電容量；

無須(xu)特別的充電電路和控制(zhi)放電電路；

和電池相比過充、過放都不對其壽命構成(cheng)負面影(ying)響；

從環保(bao)的角度(du)考慮，它是(shi)一種綠色能源；

超級電(dian)容器可(ke)焊接，因(yin)而不(bu)存在像電(dian)池接觸不(bu)牢固等問題；